Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5104969 | Water Resources and Economics | 2016 | 11 Pages |
Abstract
This paper examines the economic aspects of pumping of oxygen-rich water to anoxic bottoms of the Baltic Sea from two different angles. Drawing on the recent pumping experiments in the Swedish archipelago (Lännerstasundet) and in the Finnish archipelago (Sandofjärden), we generalize the findings to the anoxic coastal areas of the Gulf of Finland. For nutrient policies we find that under the current abatement levels and abatement costs in WWTPs, reduction of external loads produces higher annual net benefits and higher present value than oxygenating anoxic bottoms by pumping in the coastal areas of the Gulf of Finland. For pumping a means of speeding up the recovery after a hypothetical heavy reduction in nutrient loads we find that it might provide positive net benefits in the coastal anoxic bottoms in the Gulf of Finland but not in the open Gulf of Finland.
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Aquatic Science
Authors
Markku Ollikainen, Marianne Zandersen, Jørgen Bendtsen, Jouni Lehtoranta, Erkki Saarijärvi, Heikki Pitkänen,