Model-assisted development of microfabricated 3D Ni(OH)2 electrodes with rapid charging capabilities

Three-dimensional (3D) nickel hydroxide electrodes based on well-ordered and laminated structures are prepared via an electrochemical route combined with microfabrication technologies. The electrodes exhibit enhanced rate capabilities owing to their large surface area and reduced diffusion and conduction path lengths for the charge transfer. Highly laminated electrodes enable areal capacities as high as 2.43 mAh cm−2. When charged at fast rates of 150C, the electrodes are able to deliver more than 50% of their initial capacity. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated electrodes is predicted with close approximation by means of a mathematical model developed by employing fundamental mass transport and reaction kinetics principles. This model is then used to optimize the characteristic dimensions of the electrodes and make projections of performance for various energy and power needs.