Photonic quantum ring laser of 3D whispering cave mode

A new whispering cave mode (WCM), a three-dimensional (3D) case of Lord Rayleigh's 2D whispering gallery modes, based upon 3D total internal reflection is presented, where GaAs quantum well (QW) near-vertical microdisk resonators exhibit a strong carrier-photon coupling for the QW carriers located in the Rayleigh band, generating 2D-to-1D carrier phase transitions of photonic quantum ring (PQR). It is a 'photonic' quantum corral effect (PQCE), whose simulation work produces a tangled web pattern of imminent recombinant carriers in picoseconds timescale. The PQCE is responsible for the ultralow threshold currents below 300 nA for a single mode GaAs PQR laser, and a prototype GaN PQR laser with a threshold near and below 1 μA.