Novel floating simulated inductors with wider operating-frequency ranges

In this paper, a number of simulated floating inductors (FIs) employing second-generation current conveyor (CCII), current-feedback operational amplifier (CFOA), differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) and differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) are proposed. They employ only a grounded capacitor; accordingly, they are suitable for integrated circuit (IC) implementation. Some of the developed FI simulators demonstrate the feature of improved low-frequency performance while the other ones suffer from the Z/Y terminal parasitic resistors bringing extra series resistors to the inductances of the simulated FIs. Two novel methods for reducing/eliminating the unwanted series resistance in equivalent inductances of the FIs are developed, one of which is called the direct design technique accomplished by adjusting the resistive component/components of the FIs. The series resistors of the FIs affecting their low-frequency performance can be canceled by adding floating negative resistors in series, which is another method. Three of the presented FIs as examples are chosen in order to verify the developed method, perform their simulations and show their performance.