Retrograde maxillary nerve perineural injection: A tomographic and anatomical evaluation of the infraorbital canal and evaluation of needle type and size in equine cadavers

Each canal had a serpentine-curved pathway. Anatomical dissections evidenced gaps between the infraorbital nerve, vessels and the infraorbital canal. The integrity of these structures had been preserved from the passage of the selected Tuohy needles. This study suggests a feasible approach to the maxillary nerve block within the infraorbital canal providing an appropriate needle selection and technique to limit complications.