Indicators for environmental dispersion in a two-layer wetland flow with effect of wind

For typical two-layer wetland flows where wind occurs frequently, indicators for flow and contaminant dispersion with wind effect are considered in this paper. Based on the general formulation for porous media flows, the velocity distribution of a fully developed flow through a wetland is illustrated, with that for a single-layer wetland flow under wind recovered as a special case. And the contrary wind of high speed might result in the appearance of an inverse-flow layer. For the more complex case of a two-layer wetland flow under wind, the more simplified method of asymptotic analysis is adopted instead of Aris's method of concentration moments to determine the dispersivity in terms of the longitudinal evolution of the depth-averaged concentration. And it is illustrated with the effect of dimensionless parameters. The velocity profile and environmental dispersivity for the two-layer wetland flow in the absence of wind can be included as a limiting case. Both the direction and the strength of the wind can affect the environmental dispersivity considerably under long-term evolution. Analytical solutions for the mean concentration and the region influenced by the contaminant cloud are derived. And for the instantaneous emission of typical contaminant constituents, the related indicators for water quality assessment, such as the critical length and duration of the influenced region are illustrated. The results show that the critical length and duration of the concentration cloud can change considerably because of the wind and vegetation heterogeneity.