Regulation of wing formation and adult development in an aphid host, Aphis fabae, by the parasitoid Aphidius colemani

Extracts prepared from head + thorax do not affect aphid development and the results indicate that there is an active factor(s) - likely a protein - in the female parasitoid's venom that disrupts wing development and/or inhibits development to the adult stage. Surprisingly, injections of extracts from male parasitoids have similar effects but the location and function of such a factor(s) in males are unknown.