A new integrative indicator to assess crop genetic diversity

► Relevant indicators to realistically assess crop species biodiversity trends are missing. ► Our new indicator integrates varietal richness, spatial evenness, among variety and within varieties genetic diversity. ► It is compared to existing ones using a comprehensive historical dataset in a French territory. ► More varieties (varietal richness) can mean less diversity. ► Variety genetic structure, evenness in the landscape and genetic relatness strongly impact biodiversity.