Interactive effects of habitat destruction and competition on exotic invasion

▶ A multi-species coexistence dynamical model has been used. The interaction between native and exotic species can be direct competition as well as indirect facilitation. ▶ When controlling invasion, the facilitation of rare species by exotic species should be taken into account. ▶ Habitat destruction can inhibit as well as facilitate invasion. ▶ Invasion success or failure depends on the interactive effects of habitat destruction and competition. ▶ The interaction of habitat destruction and competition should be considered when planning to control exotic invasion and to recover habitat.