Consequences of urbanizing landscapes to reproductive performance of birds in remnant forests

► Nest survival of 5 bird species over 10 years was not related to urbanization surrounding forests. ► Rates of brood parasitism were unrelated to urbanization for all but one species. ► Annual reproductive output of cardinals was comparable in urban and rural forests. ► Acadian flycatchers produced fewer fledglings as urbanization increased. ► Urban-associated changes in bird communities are not the consequence of nest predation.