Ammonium-induced oxidative stress on plant growth and antioxidative response of duckweed (Lemna minor L.)

- L. minor grew well in 0.5-3.0 mM NH4+, with relative growth rates of 0.046-0.048 d−1.
- L. minor growth within NH4+ concentrations above 4 mM NH4+ was suppressed.
- Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased after exposure in 4 mM NH4+ for 14 d.
- NH4+ induced oxidative stress and heated the antioxidative response in L. minor.
- L. minor may not be the eligible species to treat wastewater with high NH4+ levels.