Dichotomy of male and female responses to hoverfly-driven cues and floral competition in the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi Haliday

Survivorship curve for female Aphidius ervi when offered water, honey solution and Fagopyrum esculentum flowers presented with varying densities of adult female Episyrphus balteatus as a carbohydrate source. Key: BW = Buckwheat; HF = Hoverfly. Pie chart inserts display median female wasp preference for varying flower treatments (in terms of time spent in opposing Y-tube arms) in two-way olfactometer tests. Flower/Flower refers to the control.