Effects of inlet and outlet flow characteristics on mixed-cell raceway (MCR) hydrodynamics

This study indicates that the flux of momentum is the driving force controlling water velocities in a jet-forced circulation vessel, and therefore jet velocity and nozzle diameter become the main variables to control. It was found that the linear influence of the jet velocity on water velocities reported in previous studies remained valid provided that the nozzle diameter was maintained constant. An equation to predict water velocities of the mean rotating flow was derived from the flux of momentum approach and a set of iso-curves was constructed to predict water velocities as a function of the jet velocity and nozzle diameter. The iso-curves, or directly, the equation derived, can be used to facilitate the design of a MCR where a particular water velocity is desired.