Tree-lined lanes or vacant lots? Evaluating non-stationarity between urban greenness and socio-economic conditions in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA at multiple scales

► We investigate the non-stationary relationship between greenness and socio-economic conditions. ► We model the relationship at multiple scales using OLS and GWR techniques. ► Models indicate that the strength and nature of the relationship among variables varies spatially. ► Greenness is not always positively and strongly correlated with household income. ► High vacancy is positively associated with vegetation vigor in lower income areas.