Activity-specific evaluation of winter habitat use by Japanese macaques in snow areas, northern Japan: Implications for conifer plantation management

► We evaluated habitat use of Japanese macaques in cool-temperate forests. ► Habitat use was evaluated in each purpose of feeding, resting, and traveling. ► Macaques commonly used young conifer plantations, but avoided old ones. ► Geographic features had larger influences on the habitat use than the forest cover. ► All three purpose sites specialized in southern slopes of near the roads at low altitude.