Vulnerability of fishing communities undergoing gentrification

Maine hosts numerous rural fishing villages that contribute greatly to the State's economy and culture. The cumulative effects of fisheries regulation, stock depletion, amenity migration and rural restructuring have impacted these communities in complex ways. Drawing on ethnographic research, interviews, and secondary data we have identified the patterns of change as symptomatic of gentrification, and we have investigated how these changes are affecting the communities' vulnerability and resilience. Gentrification of coastal property by amenity migrants is responsible for the displacement of community members, including fishermen. The loss-of-access to the waterfront has increased their sensitivity to future threats. Further changes in the demographics and economies of the communities have increased social and cultural conflicts. Nevertheless, this paper also demonstrates that gentrification can increase the resilience of the community. Amenity migrants have the capacity and desire to provide social and philanthropic support, and rural restructuring introduces new economic opportunities and sources of revenue. The underlying consequences of gentrification are difficult to discern from secondary data alone, and we argue that the ethnographic approach is crucial. Through interview responses we have identified an identity crisis in these communities undergoing gentrification, with many of the conflicts over the future importance of fishing to the community.