Emulsification of particle loaded droplets with regard to miniemulsion polymerization

In miniemulsion polymerization the surfactant concentration has to be adjusted to avoid secondary nucleation, which would result in the formation of unfilled plain polymeric particles. The required surfactant concentration is influenced by the particle load, in particular by particle surface-functionalizing molecules. To eliminate this, the surface modification of the nanoparticles was adjusted. Thus, homogeneous hybrid particles could be prepared.