A new governor power flow formulation based on the current injections method

This paper presents a new governor power flow formulation using the current injections equations expressed in rectangular coordinates (CIM). An augmented current injection formulation is proposed to incorporate the static response of the generation governor equations which are expressed as a function of the system frequency and the active power generations. As the frequency becomes a new system variable, a new equation to set the network reference angle to a given value is included, being this another important contribution of this paper. Then, this system of equations is linearized and solved using the Newton-Raphson method. The proposed methodology allows determining the frequency deviation due to a load variation as well as the distribution of the active losses among the generators. Additionally, a new concept of reference bus of the system is introduced, allowing any bus (load or generation bus) to be the slack bus of the system. A small test system of 6 bus was used to show the new slack bus concept and the New England 39 bus test system was used to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology which was validated using the ANATEM (Electromagnetic Transients Program) from CEPEL.