Clamp voltage and ideality factor in laser diodes

A recent model for laser diodes was applied to the decomposition of the experimental characteristics of several laser diodes into their fundamental components. This pointed out a problem involving the ideality factor and the clamp voltage. The two quantities indicate largely different values of the internal voltage, not explained or predicted by any theory. The solution of the puzzle requires going back to points as fundamental as the meaning of locality of band-to-band transitions in quantum or bulk active regions