A multi-stack simulation of shunt currents in vanadium redox flow batteries

Three setups of pipe networks are evaluated using the model. The pipe connections between the stacks give rise to external shunt currents, which also increase the amount of shunt currents within the stacks. These connections also lead to a nonuniform distribution of the shunt currents. The effects of the shunt currents on the Coulombic efficiency and the energy efficiency of the system are studied by the means of the model.