Researches on current distribution and plate conductivity of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries

► The controlled voltage with time was successfully used to measure response current-time curves on lead-acid batteries. ► The currents in upper half and lower half of simulated battery reach 41.5 and 29.5 A at the beginning of discharge. ► The positive active mass only contributes a little to conductivity of plates. ► The positive active mass with internal stress and negative active mass which shrinks a little have better conductivity. ► Ohmic loss in lower half of plate is only a quarter of that of whole plate.