Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8318136 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology | 2018 | 9 Pages |
Abstract
Crowding of snails is a stress that obstructs long-term memory (LTM) formation following operant conditioning of aerial respiratory behaviour in Lymnaea stagnalis. In previous experiments, snails of the same strain/population were used for both the crowding and the operant conditioning training. However, there are different strains/populations of Lymnaea stagnalis exhibiting different cognitive abilities. We asked whether Lymnaea of one strain/population are able to determine that they are of a different strain/population. We did this by asking if LTM formation would continue to be obstructed if we crowded snails with a different species of pond snail (Helisomaâ¯=â¯Planorbella) or with different strains/populations of Lymnaea stagnalis. Using an inbred strain, the W-strain, we crowded the W-strain with seven other Lymnaea strains/populations as well as with Helisoma. The results of a 2-Way ANOVA followed by a Tukey's Post-hoc analysis showed that W-strain snails when crowded with another strain/population of Lymnaea or with Helisoma formed LTM formation. That is, the memory test session statistically met the criteria for LTM formation. Thus, one strain/population of snails determines that another strain/population is different from it. The differentness means that crowding now does not obstruct LTM formation.
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Authors
Shawn Dodd, Cailin M. Rothwell, Ken Lukowiak,