Epigenetics and neurodegeneration: role of early-life nutrition

Neurodegeneration represents a global problem due to the progressive increase in the aging population all over the world. The quality of life in aging and the cost for the health care system require actions to promote healthy aging. In this regard, several risk factors associated with the development of neurodegeneration can be identified, and programs to educate people on the key role of prevention could significantly ameliorate the future picture of the aging population. Here we describe the key role of the pre- and postnatal period of life during the first 1000 days of life, focusing on the importance of nutrition and a healthy lifestyle of mother and offspring for the prevention of neurodegeneration later in life. Environmental risk factors (i.e., nutrition, stress, xenobiotics, alcohol, drugs, smoking, etc.) mediate the genetic and epigenetic signature of offspring which may have long-term effects on the onset of neurodegeneration.