| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8392995 | Reproductive Biology | 2018 | 6 Pages |
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of male infertility, defined by lack of spermatozoa in the ejaculate caused by impaired spermatogenesis. The chance of biological fatherhood of these men has been improved since the introduction of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (MD-TESE) combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. A thorough patient evaluation preoperatively is essential to recognize any underlying conditions, and to assist in patient counseling on the sperm recovery rate and pregnancy results. This review article summarizes the present data on MD-TESE to reach optimal results is treating men with NOA.
Keywords
PVPSRRNOATSHSERMLBRobstructive azoospermiaNon-obstructive azoospermiaazoospermiatesticular sperm aspirationMicrodissection testicular sperm extractionTesticular sperm extractionHCGTESEintracytoplasmic sperm injectiontesAtestosteronelive birth rateKlinefelter syndromeSelective estrogen receptor modulatorICSImale infertilityfollicle stimulating hormoneluteinizing hormonethyroid stimulating hormoneFSHpolyvinylpyrrolidonehuman chorionic gonadotropin
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Authors
Rauni Klami, Harri Mankonen, Antti Perheentupa,