Impacts of age and calcium on Phytase efficacy in broiler chickens

A total of 648 straight-run hatchling Heritage 56M × fast feathering Cobb 500F broiler birds were used to determine the effects of Ca concentration and age on phytase efficacy. Corn and SBM based diets with 0.19% non-phytate P were prepared with three Ca (6.5, 8.0 and 9.5 g/kg) concentrations. A 6-phytase5 was added on-top at 0, 500 or 1000 FTU/kg at each Ca concentration, resulting in a total of 9 treatments. Broiler birds were fed the diets for 2 d either from 7 to 9 (6 birds/replicate) or 19 to 21 (3 birds/replicate) d of age, and ileal content was collected from every bird at the end of each feeding period to determine apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AID). Age effect was determined by comparing responses between birds fed from 7 to 9 and 19 to 21 d of age. There was no interaction between Ca and phytase on AID P regardless of age. Increasing Ca from 6.5 to 9.5 g/kg resulted in 12 (0.58 vs. 0.51) and 11% (0.64 vs. 0.57) reduction in AID P, in 9-d-old and 21-d-old birds, respectively (P < .05). Compared to birds fed diets without phytase, AID P was 100 and 155% greater in 9 d old birds fed 500 and 1000 FTU phytase/kg diets, respectively (P < .05). Similar but lesser improvement in AID P was also seen in 21 d old birds, with 63 and 76% improvement as a result of 500 and 1000 FTU/kg phytase inclusion, respectively (P < .05). Despite similar pattern in response to Ca and phytase, the degree of dietary impact and efficacy of phytase was affected by age of birds. In the absence of phytase, detrimental effect of Ca was more apparent in 9 d old than 21 d old bird, where greater difference in AID P was seen when Ca increased from 6.5 to 9.5 g/kg. With phytase inclusion, differences in AID P between 9 and 21 d old birds were reduced, which was more apparent with higher phytase and Ca inclusion. Net improvement of digestible P for 500 and 1000 FTU phytase/kg was 1.55 and 2.42, 1.45 and 1.72 g/kg, respectively for 9 and 21 d old birds. It is clearly shown that, even though birds at different ages responded to Ca and phytase similarly, the detrimental impact of Ca and benefit of phytase inclusion was greater in younger than older birds.