Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8493152 | Aquaculture | 2018 | 26 Pages |
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) essential oil (EO) as a new herbal anesthetic compared with camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) EO and commonly used chemical agent 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) on goldfish (Carassius auratus). The anesthetic efficacies of these herbal EOs and 2-PE were evaluated in goldfish with mean body weight of 7.36â¯Â±â¯0.77â¯g. Fish were exposed to each anesthetic concentrations and the lowest effective concentrations (LECs) were established according to deep anesthesia (ADâ¯<â¯3â¯min) and full recovery (RFâ¯<â¯5â¯min) times. RD and CP showed anesthetic characteristics and induced AD. The LECs for each anesthetic were established at 250â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 for RD (AD; RFâ¯ââ¯171â¯Â±â¯2.28â¯s; 297â¯Â±â¯7.69â¯s), 250â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 for CP (AD; RFâ¯ââ¯129â¯Â±â¯4.18â¯s; 291â¯Â±â¯2.81â¯s) and 700â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 for 2-PE (AD; RFâ¯ââ¯177â¯Â±â¯2.35â¯s; 214â¯Â±â¯4.93â¯s). At concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 for RD, 50, 100, 150â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 for CP and 400, 500â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 for 2-PE failed to induce AD in goldfish. There were significantly differences found among RD, CP and 2-PE concentrations in terms of induction and recovery times (pâ¯<â¯0.05). The fastest AD and RF were obtained by 300â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 CP (120â¯Â±â¯1.94â¯s) and 600â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 2-PE (190â¯Â±â¯4.34â¯s), respectively. Fish exposed to 300â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 RD and 800â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 2-PE took slightly longer to achieve AD than 300â¯Î¼lâ¯Lâ1 CP. Induction and recovery times for EOs and 2-PE were significantly dependent on concentrations. Negative relationships was recorded between AD and RF for all anesthetics. No mortality or adverse effects occurred and fish stayed calm during trials. Results showed that RD was found to be an effective anesthetic as well as CP for goldfish and can be used at least 3-fold lower concentrations than 2-PE. In conclusion, rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) EO, as a new potential anesthetic for fish, proved to be an effective natural agent resulting in rapid induction and recovery.
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Authors
Volkan Kizak, Erkan Can, Durali DanabaÅ, Åafak Seyhaneyildiz Can,