Clinical aspects and weight gain reduction in swine infected with porcine circovirus type 2 and torque teno sus virus in Brazil

Simultaneous Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) and Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) infections have been reported around the world, generally linked to severe infections. In the present study, 257 swine plasma samples from 31 swine herds located in Brazil, were PCR screened for PCV-2 and TTSuV-1/2 and correlated with clinical data. PCV-2 was detected in 25%, followed by 38.1% and 42.4% of TTSuV-1 and TTSuV-2, respectively. Co-infections of two or three viruses were found in 32.3% of samples. PCV-2 was more frequently detected in the growing (p = 0.030) and finishing phases (p = 0.0005) while TTSuV-2 in the nursery (p = 0.009). Only TTSuV-1 was statistically associated to clinical disease (multiple signs), in combination or not with PCV-2 or TTSuV-2 (p = 0.015). PCV-2/TTSuV co-infections were more frequently related to weight gain reduction in comparison to mono-infections (p = 0.049) and no-infections (p = 0.027), and also in animals with (p = 0.011) or without (p = 0.037) clinical signs, being the nursery the most affected phase (p = 0.025). Our results uphold the pathogenic potential of TTSuV in naturally infected pigs and the clinical/economical impact of this agent, especially in co-infections. Studies addressing the physiopathological mechanisms of simultaneous infections are needed.