Opportunities to reduce heat damage in rain-fed wheat crops based on plant breeding and agronomic management

There is good evidence that in recent decades farmers have experienced increases in both seasonal average temperatures and extreme heat events. This trend is likely to continue. Synergistic breeding and agronomic possibilities have good prospects to substantially reduce heat damage within the trade-offs involved in farming systems. Further, recent advances in the understanding of the meteorological patterns and underlying climate drivers of heat events are leading to forecasts of the likelihood of heat events at a multi week and seasonal timescale. These forecasts, as they improve, have the potential to refine the Genetic * Environment * Management (G*E*M) choices for wheat farmers.