Activating transcription factor 3 in immune response and metabolic regulation

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a member of the ATF/cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) family of transcription factors. In response to stress stimuli, ATF3 forms dimers to activate or repress gene expression. Further, ATF3 modulates the immune response, atherogenesis, cell cycle, apoptosis, and glucose homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that ATF3 may also be involved in pathogenesis of other diseases. However, more studies are needed to determine the role of ATF3 in metabolic regulation.