The tourist experience of out-there-ness: theory and empirical research

Forest and nature managers are confronted with an increasing number of tourists visiting National Parks, nature reserves and forest areas. Not all tourists, however, have or prefer the same experiences. In this study, we develop a theory on the nature of tourist experiences by proposing tourism as a way of distancing oneself from everyday reality, conceptualised in terms of out-there-ness. Experience is conceived of as conscious awareness, embedded in relatively stable mental structures, and manifested as a dynamic precondition for immediate responses to tourist practices. These preconditions are theoretically translated into different modes of experience, which are empirically tested. The results show that the theoretical modes of the experience of out-there-ness have considerable empirical support. We present these results in relation to practical applicability for policy-making, planning and design.

► Tourism and recreation can be conceived of as experiences of out-there-ness. ► Out-there-ness entails a mental distance rather than a physical distance. ► People express out-there-ness in different modes of experience: amusement, change, interest, rapture and dedication. ► Research points to the existence of these modes of experience in varying intensities and combinations. ► Forest and nature managers can apply these modes when planning and designing for their visitor management.