Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
9478214 | Aquatic Toxicology | 2005 | 13 Pages |
Abstract
MC-RR was found in liver, gills, and muscle of all exposed and wild fish, while in C. paleatus MC-RR was also present in the intestine. Moreover, we found presence of MC-RR in brain of J. multidentata. Results indicate that MC-RR uptake might occur at two different organs: intestine and gills, through either feeding (including drinking) or respiratory activities. This suggests that MC-RR is taken into the blood stream after absorption, and distributed to different tissues. The liver showed the major bioaccumulation of MC-RR in both experimentally exposed and wild individuals, with muscle of wild fish showing relative high amounts of this toxin in comparison with those exposed in the laboratory; though MC-RR was present in muscle of fish exposed for 24Â h. The amount of MC-RR in muscle of O. bonariensis exceeded the value suggested by WHO to be safe, thus causing a health risk to persons consuming fish as a result of chronic exposure to microcystin. Gills also showed bioaccumulation of MC-RR, raising questions on the mechanism involved in the possible uptake of MC-RR through gills as well as on its accumulation in this organ. Although MC-LR has been reported in brain of fish, this is the first report confirming the presence of MC-RR in this organ, which means that both toxins are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. These findings also raise questions on the probable neurotoxicity of microcystins.
Keywords
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Life Sciences
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Aquatic Science
Authors
Jimena Cazenave, Daniel Alberto Wunderlin, MarÃa de los Ángeles Bistoni, MarÃa Valeria Amé, Eberhard Krause, Stephan Pflugmacher, Claudia Wiegand,