A review on new solutions, new measurements procedures and new materials for rechargeable Li batteries

We describe herein approaches for R&D of improved solutions for Li-ion batteries, new concepts for measuring aging processes of Li-ion battery electrodes and approaches for the synthesis of novel electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. We demonstrate the possibility of successfully using standard LiPF6 solutions for Li-ion batteries at elevated temperatures by the use of organosilicon additives. We also show how these solutions are compatible for 5 V systems. We show how measurements of the self-discharge current of lithiated graphite electrodes during cycling, reflect the complicated aging of the electrodes, and we map the various processes that influence the overall aging trends observed. Several novel approaches for the synthesis of nanomaterials for Li-ion batteries, including carbonaceous materials, tin-based compounds and transition metal oxides, are described. These include soft reactions in the liquid phase, high temperature reactions under autogenic pressure and the use of microwave radiation and sonochemistry.