Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
10971779 | Fish & Shellfish Immunology | 2015 | 7 Pages |
Abstract
The effect of Avicennia marina aqueous leaf extract on innate immune mechanisms such as total white blood cell counts (WBC), serum lysozyme activity, respiratory burst assay, alternative complement (ACH50) assay, phagocytic activity assay, disease resistance, gut bacteria, and survival rate of clownfish (Amphiprion sebae) against Vibrio alginolyticus is reported. Healthy fish challenged with V. alginolyticus (1 Ã 107 cells mlâ1) were fed with diets supplemented (0, 1, 2, and 4%) with A. marina extract. The survival rate was 85% and 80% in infected fish fed with 4% and 8% supplementation diet; with 1% diet it was 70% while in the infected untreated group it was only 10%. The total gut bacteria flora was high in 8% and 4% supplementation diet groups with 2.8 Ã 105 and 4.7 Ã 104 cfu/g while it was 8.9 Ã 103 cfu/g in 1% diet group. The immunological parameters significantly increased on weeks 6 and 8 when infected fish were fed with 1% or 4% supplementation diet. This study reports that in clownfish challenged with V. alginolyticus, dietary administration of the 1% or 4% of A. marina extract improved the immune status and survival rate.
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Authors
Nagarajan Balachandran Dhayanithi, Thipramalai Thankappan Ajith Kumar, Jesu Arockiaraj, Chellam Balasundaram, Ramasamy Harikrishnan,