Up-regulation of nuclear factor E2 - Related factor 2 upon SVCV infection

Nuclear factor E2 - related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor that regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent genes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). The Nrf2/ARE pathway has been regarded as a critical switch in the initiation of cellular defence systems for surviving oxidative insults and viral infection. In this study, the Nrf2 gene of EPC cells, which is originally derived from Pimephales promelas, was cloned, and an investigation on the interactions between Nrf2 and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) was performed. These results demonstrated that the virus facilitated the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and up-regulated its transcriptional and protein profiles in EPC cells. In addition, exogenous activation of Nrf2 conferred EPC cells with a higher cellular total antioxidant capacity via an increase in the expression of HO-1 and SOD1, but did not suppress the replication of SVCV.