An approach to the Paal–Knorr pyrroles synthesis in the presence of β-cyclodextrin in aqueous media

An efficient and facile method for the synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles in moderate to good yields by the Paal–Knorr reaction of γ-diketones with amines in the presence of β-cyclodextrin in aqueous media has been developed. Moreover, this process tolerated diamines (e.g., para-, meta- or ortho-phenylenediamine) to construct bis-pyrrole or mono-pyrrole derivates. β-Cyclodextrin can be recovered easily after the reactions and reused without evident loss in activity.

Graphical abstractAn efficient and facile method for the synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles by the Paal–Knorr reaction of γ-diketones with amines in the presence of β-cyclodextrin in aqueous media has been developed. This process tolerated diamines (e.g., para-, meta- or ortho-phenylenediamine) to construct bis-pyrrole or mono-pyrrole derivates.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide