Neurologic Diseases of Birds and Reptiles

Captive reptiles and birds are often presented to veterinary hospitals exhibiting neurologic disease signs. Neurologic disease conditions can be a diagnostic challenge for the clinician owing to limitations of laboratory testing, nonspecific clinical signs and the wide range of possible underlying disease causes of the identified problems. Both common and seldom reported neurologic diseases associated with infectious organisms, trauma, neoplasia, metabolic disorders, toxins and malnutrition are reviewed.