| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2431138 | Fish & Shellfish Immunology | 2015 | 5 Pages |
•Supplementation with IMUNO-2865® increased the number of phagocytic cells of sea bream.•IMUNO-2865® could provide protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sea bream.•Supplementation with IMUNO-2865® in aquaculture is safe.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of IMUNO-2865® on hematological and antioxidative parameters in sea bream. Total of 640 sea bream were fed with diets containing 0 (Group 1), 1 (Group 2), 10 (Group 3) and 25 (Group 4) g of IMUNO-2865® kg−1 feed during 90 days. Samples were taken each month and three months after the supplementation. A significant heterophils increase was observed in group 4 compared to group 1 after two months, and an increase in monocytes number was observed in group 4 compared to the other groups after one month. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) were significantly increased in groups 3 and 4 compared to the control group three months into the experiment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased in group 4 compared to the control group from day 60 until the end of the experiment, and in groups 2 and 3 compared to the control after three months. Based on the differences in the cellular immunity and oxidative stress parameters, with an overall absence of mortality, the results of this study suggest that the use of IMUNO-2865® in aquaculture is safe and possess a cumulative immunostimulatory effect on sea bream.
