Beyond blow-up in excitatory integrate and fire neuronal networks: Refractory period and spontaneous activity

•We complete the analysis of the excitatory integrate and fire neuronal networks.•We have increased the knowledge about NNLIF model, including the refractory state.•We have extended the blow-up results for a deterministic value firing potential.•Neurons in refractory state can produce more stationary states than without it.•For a random discharge potential spontaneous activity arises.

The Network Noisy Leaky Integrate and Fire equation is among the simplest model allowing for a self-consistent description of neural networks and gives a rule to determine the probability to find a neuron at the potential v. However, its mathematical structure is still poorly understood and, concerning its solutions, very few results are available. In the midst of them, a recent result shows blow-up in finite time for fully excitatory networks. The intuitive explanation is that each firing neuron induces a discharge of the others; thus increases the activity and consequently the discharge rate of the full network.In order to better understand the details of the phenomena and show that the equation is more complex and fruitful than expected, we analyze further the model. We extend the finite time blow-up result to the case when neurons, after firing, enter a refractory state for a given period of time. We also show that spontaneous activity may occur when, additionally, randomness is included on the firing potential VF in regimes where blow-up occurs for a fixed value of VF.