Effects of infection with Nosema pyrausta on survival and development of offspring of laboratory selected Bt-resistant and Bt-susceptible European corn borers

Infection with Nosema pyrausta Paillot lengthens developmental period of Bt-susceptible Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) to a similar extent as feeding on Cry1Ab-incorporated diet in Cry1Ab-resistant O. nubilalis, and these two factors combined lengthen developmental period further than either alone. Resistant O. nubilalis mating with infected susceptible, or infected resistant partners would produce partially- and fully-resistant offspring, respectively, infected with N. pyrausta. To investigate the impacts on the progeny of such matings, test crosses were set up to produce partially- and fully Cry1Ab-resistant O. nubilalis offspring transovarially infected and not infected with N. pyrausta, which were exposed to Cry1Ab toxin at doses of 0, 3, or 30 ng/cm2 for 7 days. Transovarial infection with N. pyrausta significantly decreased 7 day survival of partially and fully-resistant O. nubilalis feeding on 30 ng/cm2 Cry1Ab. In addition, N. pyrausta infection delayed larval development (as measured by weight) of partially- and fully-resistant O. nubilalis feeding on 3 and 30 ng/cm2 Cry1Ab. Impacts of natural enemies on target pests may have the potential to impact evolution of resistance. N pyrausta-infected O. nubilalis are more strongly affected by feeding on Bt, and would be less likely to survive to adulthood to pass on resistance to the next generation. This indigenous microsporidium may work to delay evolution of resistance in O. nubilalis by lowering their ability to survive on Bt.