Tsetse flies: Their biology and control using area-wide integrated pest management approaches

► Tsetse-free zones can be created and sustained in sub-Saharan Africa. ► Managerial and technical prerequisites should be in place to create such zones. ► The reasons for the limited successes are socio-economic and cultural. ► In the case of eradication programs, the reasons are more managerial and strategic. ► Environmentally friendly tactics are being applied to control tsetse flies.