Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019123 | Progress in Lipid Research | 2014 | 27 Pages |
Abstract
Triacyglycerols are a major energy reserve of the body and are normally stored in adipose tissue as lipid droplets (LDs). The liver, however, stores energy as glycogen and digested triglycerides in the form of fatty acids. In stressed condition such as obesity, imbalanced nutrition and drug induced liver injury hepatocytes accumulate excess lipids in the form of LDs whose prolonged storage leads to disease conditions most notably non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty liver disease has become a major health burden with more than 90% of obese, nearly 70% of overweight and about 25% of normal weight patients being affected. Notably, research in recent years has shown LD as highly dynamic organelles for maintaining lipid homeostasis through fat storage, protein sorting and other molecular events studied in adipocytes and other cells of living organisms. This review focuses on the molecular events of LD formation in hepatocytes and the importance of cross talk between different cell types and their signalling in NAFLD as to provide a perspective on molecular mechanisms as well as possibilities for different therapeutic intervention strategies.
Keywords
ECMAMPKNF-κBHSCACCPLDTNFαAHRIL-6CCL2JnkSREBP1cCPTSECSCDPSDFASFFALCFAFOXO1ASONSFMAGALTPGE2HFDLDLRACATBATMUFAPPAReIF2eNOSIRSAGPpKaCB1SNARETLRUPRATGVimentinERK2MCP1FADSPAPGLUTCCR2ADRPRetinoid X receptorTrxMTPSRESOCST2DMT1DMmTORC1LFABPFXRNEFAVDRUDCAVLDLRXRChREBPFOXA2CD36/FATDGATCK-18PXRFGF21ACLYHNF4αIHHγGTTZDHSLCGI-58FABPPEMTLy6CUSPapoB-100PKDLXRαAnti-sense oligonucleotideHUFAUFATIMP1GPATACSLFATPacyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferaseBACSSCAPCERPVIMCREBHS6Kfatty acid desaturasesELOVLINSIG2CIDECadipose differentiation related proteinSNAP23RHEBFatty acyl-CoAType2 diabetes mellitusAGPATelongasesLRH1aryl hydrocarbon receptorsNAFLDunfolded protein responsesPNPLAL-PKPAI1SREBP cleavage activating proteinαSNAPpatatin-like phospholipase domain-containing proteinSPFHUGCGVLACSnatural killerC/EBPfarnesoid X receptorHCCLSECMAPKROSS6 kinaseVLDLRaspartate aminotransferasesASTalanine aminotransferasesSTATapolipoprotein B-100AtglPPREsterol estersphosphatidic acidFatty acidFree fatty acidpoly unsaturated fatty acidfatty acid synthaseNon-esterified fatty acidPUFALong chain fatty acidsUnsaturated fatty acidsearly endosomeinsulin receptor substrateUrsodeoxycholic acidbrown adipose tissueCardiovascular diseasesNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)non-alcoholic fatty liver diseasetriglyceridetumor necrosis factor αthiazolidinedionesthioredoxinGlucose transporterIndian HedgehogShhtype 1 diabetes mellitusdiacylglycerolDiacylglycerol acyltransferaseDILICVDDAGHigh fat dietsuppressor of cytokine signallingKupffer cellsSinusoidal endothelial cellsHepatic stellate cellsLipotoxicityendothelial nitric oxide synthetaseMetabolic syndromeendoplasmic reticulumcomparative gene identification-58sonic hedgehogN-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factorhepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alphasterol regulatory elementfibroblast growth factor 21nuclear factor κBphosphatidic acid phosphohydrolasephosphatidylinositolphosphatidyl serinephosphatidylcholinephosphatidylethanolaminePhospholipase DLipid dropletslipid dropletLAMlactate dehydrogenaseLDHadipose triglyceride lipasehormone sensitive lipasevery low density lipoproteinExtracellular matrixToll like receptorsAdvanced glycation end productsInsulin resistanceFITTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinasesDrug induced liver injuryMicro-RNAMiRNAknock-outMammalian target of rapamycin complex 1Ras homologue enriched in brainHepatocyteFatty acid binding proteincAMP responsive element binding proteinSterol regulatory element binding protein 1cmicrosomal triglyceride transfer proteinfatty acid transport proteinsC-reactive proteinCRPprotein kinase Dmitogen activated protein kinaseProstaglandin E2plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1Hepatocellular carcinomaCarnitine palmitoyltransferaseliver X receptor αCaPExtracellular regulated kinasesGamma glutamyl transpeptidaseReactive oxygen speciesPeroxisome proliferator activated receptorVery low density lipoprotein receptorLow Density Lipoprotein Receptorssoluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptorCannabinoid receptor 1Rock
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Authors
Nishika Sahini, Jürgen Borlak,