Potential impacts of climate change on agriculture and food safety within the island of Ireland†

•Environmental change presents novel challenges for food safety.•Effects on production, elevated toxins, and market prices can be idiosyncratic.•Small changes in environmental averages can produce large effects.•Local biogeography matters for vulnerability to elevated risk.

Climate and other environmental change presents a number of challenges for effective food safety. Food production, distribution and consumption takes place within functioning ecosystems but this backdrop is often ignored or treated as static and unchanging. The risks presented by environmental change include novel pests and diseases, often caused by problem species expanding their spatial distributions as they track changing conditions, toxin generation in crops, direct effects on crop and animal production, consequences for trade networks driven by shifting economic viability of production methods in changing environments and finally, wholesale transformation of ecosystems as they respond to novel climatic regimes.