Meat quality of “Galician Mountain” foals breed. Effect of sex, slaughter age and livestock production system

The effects of sex, slaughter age (9 vs. 12 months) and livestock production system (freedom extensive system (FES) vs. semi extensive system (SES)) of “Galician Mountain” foals breed on meat quality from the Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were investigated. Forty-two foals had been used for this study, 19 (11 females and 8 males) were reared in a semi extensive system and weaned three months prior to slaughtering (8 and 11 were slaughtered at 9 and 12 months, respectively) while the other 23 (11 females and 12 males) were reared together with its mothers in a system in freedom and were slaughtered at the age of 9 months.The obtained results showed that there were no significant differences between the sexes and the slaughter age whereas the livestock production system was a significant variation source on intramuscular fat content and meat tenderness because SES foals showed 51.6% more of IMF and the improved meat tenderness achieved a shear force of < 3 kg. In general, the meat from foals of the study at hand showed very lean meat (< 0.3% in IMF) with a high protein content (> 20.5%) and heme–iron (1.62 mg/100 g meat) comparable to veal meat. Furthermore, the meat samples showed a higher luminosity (L* > 40), a very good water holding capacity, measured by cooking losses (< 18.3%), and a tenderness less than 4 kg. Thus, it can be classified as “very tender” meat.