A matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry investigation to assess the composition of cod liver oil based products which displayed a different in vivo allergenic power

Cod liver oil is a well-known “nutraceutical”, which contains a wide range of substances, including triacylglycerols (TAGs), mono- and di-acylglycerols, free fatty acids, vitamins and n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Topically applied, cod liver oil contributes to faster wound healing and improvement in skin quality. We recently reported a case of allergic contact dermatitis to cod liver oil contained in a topical ointment, in whom the patch test reaction with the ointment containing cod liver oil at a concentration of 40% was stronger than the reaction induced by a pure cod liver oil at the same concentration. We hypothesized that the different reactivity could be explained by differences in composition of the two products. In order to verify this hypothesis, we assessed the composition of those products using a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The results obtained showed that the spectra of the ointment and of the cod liver oil samples were very similar, even if a major number of peaks were observable in the higher mass range of the spectra relevant to the analysis of the ointment sample, that have been assigned to higher molecular weight TAGs. Our results suggest that the different reactivity to the two products could be due to differences in the amount of contained TAGs. TAGs may favor the penetration of the allergen(s) or may be the direct culprit substances, taking into account that TAGs have been reported to have sensitizing properties.