Sex, Age, and Race/Ethnicity Do Not Modify the Effectiveness of a Diet Intervention among Family Members of Hospitalized Cardiovascular Disease Patients

ObjectiveTo determine whether effectiveness of a diet intervention for family members of cardiovascular disease patients varies by participant sex, race/ethnicity, or age because these characteristics have been associated with unique barriers to diet change.DesignRandomized controlled trial.Setting and ParticipantsUniversity medical center. Healthy adult family members of patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disease (n = 501; 66% women; 36% racial/ethnic minorities; mean age 48 years).InterventionA special screening and educational intervention (SI) vs control intervention (CI) to reduce dietary saturated fat and cholesterol intake throughout 1 year.Main Outcome MeasuresAbsolute change in MEDFICTS (meats, eggs, dairy, fried foods, fat in baked goods, convenience foods, fats added at the table and snacks) diet score, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol in the SI vs CI from baseline to 1 year.Analysist tests stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and age group; linear regression. Significance set at P < .05.ResultsThe SI was effective to improve MEDFICTS score independent of sex, race/ethnicity, and age group (β = –6.7; P < .001). There was no interaction between the SI and sex (β = .9; P = .84), race/ethnicity (β = –1.1; P = .81), or age group (β = –.6; P = .89) on change in MEDFICTS score or change in saturated fat or dietary cholesterol intake from baseline to 1 year.Conclusions and ImplicationsResults support the potential for a hospital-based screening and education program to improve diet in diverse populations of cardiovascular disease patient family members.