A multiplex PCR assay for species identification of raw and cooked bonito

Attempts are made to establish one-step multiplex PCR assay for distinguishing five species of raw and cooked bonito including Euthynnus pelamis, Euthynnus affinis, Auxis rochei, Auxis thazard, and Sarda orientalis. After constructing the 1141 bp complete mitochondrial cytochrome b genes of five bonito species and other five contrastive Scombridae species, five sets of species-specific primer were designed to amplify different cytochrome b gene fragments in each species individually. The amplified lengths of fragments were respectively 143 bp for A. rochei, 236 bp for E. pelamis, 318 bp for A. thazard, 398 bp for E. affinis and 506 bp for S. orientalis, which could be obviously differentiated from each other on DNA electrophoresis. The five sets of species-specific primer were mixed and applied to simultaneously detect bonito species. All species from 12 commercial raw fish and five species out of eight cooked bonito fillets were successfully identified by the multiplex PCR assay. Experiments carried out demonstrate that the multiplex PCR assay was useful for identifying species of non-overheating fish product.