System variables affecting heat transfer in a canned particle in Newtonian fluid system during end-over-end rotation

Heat transfer in a canned particle/Newtonian liquid system was evaluated in a pilot-scale, full water-immersion single-cage rotary retort. High-viscosity aqueous glycerin solutions (from 75% to 100%, V/V) were used as Newtonian liquids and the effects of rotation speed, glycerin concentration, retort temperature, can size and particle material on heat-transfer rates to products were investigated. A full factorial experiment design and a CCRD experiment design were used. Flexible thin wire thermocouples and rigid thermocouples were used to measure particle temperatures and liquid temperatures, respectively. Apparent heat-transfer coefficients hap and apparent overall heat-transfer coefficients Ua were evaluated during end-over-end rotation. The hap values increased with increase in rotation speed, retort temperature and particle density, and a decrease in liquid viscosity and can size. Ua values increased with an increase in rotation speed and a decrease in liquid viscosity.