Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5044425 | Appetite | 2017 | 8 Pages |
Individual differences in appetite are increasingly appreciated. However, the individual day-to-day reliability of appetite measurement is currently uncharacterised. This study aimed to assess the reliability of appetite following ingestion of mixed-macronutrient liquid meals at a group and individual level. Two experiments were conducted with identical protocols other than meal energy content. During each experiment, 10 non-obese males completed four experimental trials constituting high- and low-energy trials, each performed twice. Experiment one employed 579Â kJ (138Â kcal) and 1776Â kJ (424Â kcal) liquid meals. Experiment two employed 828 (198Â kcal) and 4188Â kJ (1001Â kcal) liquid meals. Visual analogue scales were administered to assess appetite for 60Â min post-ingestion. The typical error (standard error of measurement) of appetite area under the curve was 6.2Â mmâ 60 minâ1 (95%CI 4.3-11.3Â mmâ 60 minâ1), 6.5Â mm (95%CI 4.5-11.9Â mmâ 60 minâ1), 7.1Â mmâ 60 minâ1 (95%CI 4.9-12.9Â mmâ 60 minâ1) and 6.5Â mmâ 60 minâ1 (95%CI 4.5-11.8Â mmâ 60 minâ1) with the 579, 828, 1776 and 4188Â kJ meals, respectively. A systematic bias between first and second exposure was detected for all but the 4188Â kJ meal. The change in appetite with high-vs. low-energy meals did not differ at a group level between first and second exposure (mean difference: -0.97Â mmâ 60 minâ1; 95%CI -6.48-4.53Â mmâ 60 minâ1), however, â¼50% of individuals differed in their response with first vs second exposure by more than the typical error. Appetite responses are more reliable when liquid meals contain a higher-vs lower-energy content. Appetite suppression with high-vs low-energy meals is reproducible at the group- but not individual level, suggesting that multiple exposures to an intervention are required to understand true individual differences in appetite.