Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5849223 | Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2016 | 9 Pages |
Abstract
Both melamine and cyanuric acid have low toxicity, but combined exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid (MÂ +Â CA) was reported to cause unexpected toxicological synergy on kidney damage. In this study, we investigated the role of oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in the nephrotoxicity caused by MÂ +Â CA in rats. MÂ +Â CA treatment caused an increase in the kidney weight, serum blood urea nitrogen or creatinine levels in a dose-dependent manner. With severe morphological and histological changes in kidneys, MÂ +Â CA markedly elevated lipid peroxidation and suppressed antioxidant enzyme activities. MÂ +Â CA treatment induced apoptotic changes in renal tubular cells. Additionally, exposure to MÂ +Â CA increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) coincided with increased Bax level and decreased Bcl2 level, resulting in caspase-3 activation. In summary, oxidative stress and simultaneous MAPKs and mitochondrial/caspase activation may be related to renal tubular cell apoptosis caused by MÂ +Â CA.
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Authors
In-Chul Lee, Je-Won Ko, Sung-Hyeuk Park, In-Sik Shin, Changjong Moon, Sung-Ho Kim, Yun-Bae Kim, Jong-Choon Kim,