Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8358787 | Progress in Lipid Research | 2018 | 25 Pages |
Abstract
This review is focused on sphingolipid backbone hydroxylation, a small but widespread structural feature with profound impact on membrane biophysical properties. We start by summarizing sphingolipid metabolism in mammalian cells, yeast and plants, focusing on how distinct hydroxylation patterns emerge in different eukaryotic kingdoms. Then, a comparison of the biophysical properties in membrane model systems and cellular membranes from diverse organisms is made. From an integrative perspective, these results can be rationalized considering that superficial hydroxyl groups in the backbone of sphingolipids (by intervening in the H-bond network) alter the balance of favorable interactions between membrane lipids. They may strengthen the bonding or compete with other hydroxyl groups, in particular the one of membrane sterols. Different sphingolipid hydroxylation patterns can stabilize/disrupt specific membrane domains or change whole plasma membrane properties, and therefore be important in the control of protein distribution, function and lateral diffusion and in the formation and overtime stability of signaling platforms. The recent examples explored throughout this review unveil a potentially key role for sphingolipid backbone hydroxylation in both physiological and pathological situations, as it can be of extreme importance for the proper organization of cell membranes in mammalian cells, yeast and, most likely, also in plants.
Keywords
lipid phosphate phosphatasesKCSCERTCerSDPHDOPSLCBAFMUDPGalCerphytosphingosinedihydrosphingosineKCRGlcCerTMA-DPHFatty acid 2-hydroxylaseGIPCFA2H1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serineCERKt-PnAinositol phosphorylceramideMIPCM(IP)2C1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienePSMVLCFANADPHLPPLCFAGDGTDHSHCDSPTPHSPoPCGBA2ECRIPC1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatrieneuridine diphosphateβ-glucosidaseDESsphingomyelin synthasetrans-parinaric acidFatty acidvery long-chain fatty acidsLong-chain fatty acidsOhmGlycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethersMelting TemperatureDesaturaseLipid phase behaviorCeramide kinaseceramide synthaseendoplasmic reticulumphosphatidylcholineLiquid orderedLiquid disorderedatomic force microscopySpotsnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateLong chain baseMembrane dipole potentialceramide transport proteinSerine palmitoyltransferaseSMSDOPEcholesterolgalactosylceramideglucosylceramide
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Authors
Joaquim Trigo Marquês, H. Susana Marinho, Rodrigo F.M. de Almeida,